Interview: Mohamed bin Mubarak Bin Daina
Where do you see opportunities for investment in the energy transition over the medium to long term?
MOHAMED BIN MUBARAK BIN DAINA: Renewable energy presents a compelling investment opportunity, with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems ideal for large-scale deployment given Bahrain’s abundant sunshine. Although Bahrain’s wind potential is moderate, targeted investment in offshore wind farms can help diversify the energy mix. Additionally, waste-to-energy projects that convert solid waste into electricity can simultaneously address waste-management challenges and generate clean energy.
Energy efficiency is another critical area. Retrofitting existing buildings with energy-efficient technologies such as smart lighting and building-management systems can reduce energy consumption. In the industrial sector, investing in process optimisation, energy audits and advanced equipment can lead to significant savings.
Supporting infrastructure is crucial as well. Upgrading the transmission and distribution network is essential to accommodate the growing share of renewables and ensure efficient energy distribution. Investment in research, and the development of advanced energy technologies, materials and solutions can drive innovation and create a thriving clean energy ecosystem.
What are the prospects for increased upstream exploration and production activity in Bahrain?
BIN DAINA: The prospects for increased upstream exploration and production activity in the short to medium term are mixed. For one, enhancing existing fields can provide immediate benefits. Enhanced oil recovery techniques and redevelopment efforts in mature fields could boost production in the short term. Additionally, exploring and developing unconventional resources – such as shale gas reserves – can increase natural gas production and diversify the energy mix.
Strategic partnerships also play a role. Agreements with international oil companies can bring technical expertise and financial resources, enhancing exploration and production activities. Furthermore, sustained demand for oil and gas, particularly from Asia, could incentivise further resource development.
How do you see Bahrain’s downstream energy sector diversifying revenue streams, strengthening local value chains and creating jobs?
BIN DAINA: Bahrain can invest in downstream products by moving beyond the traditional focus on oil refining and expanding the range of export options. Developing value-added services like storage, blending and transport for finished products can also create additional revenue, and attract regional and international clients. Exploring green hydrogen production and its utilisation in downstream processes, such as ammonia fertilisers or fuel cells, opens new clean energy avenues. Expanding downstream activities directly creates jobs in operations, maintenance, technical and specialised roles, and management positions, stimulating demand for logistics, transport, construction and other services.
In what ways can Bahrain balance its commitments to sustainability with generating the revenue needed for fiscal sustainability and diversification?
BIN DAINA: Bahrain can boost environmental sustainability in its energy sector by prioritising investment in cleaner downstream technologies, such as renewable-based feedstocks, energy-efficient processes, and carbon capture and utilisation. Emphasising circular economy principles, and encouraging recycling, waste minimisation and resource repurposing are essential.
Strict environmental regulations and robust monitoring systems will ensure responsible downstream operations and minimise environmental impact. Balancing commitments to environmental sustainability with the need to generate revenue from hydrocarbons wealth is also crucial, as Bahrain believes that oil and gas can be part of the solution to achieve sustainability from all perspectives, including from an environmental one.
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