After opening 2022 at around $78 per barrel, Brent crude prices rose sharply over the next few months to surpass $127 on March 8 – the highest price in 14 years, driven in part by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine – before moderating slightly to around $106 as of midMarch. Although investment in oil and gas has fallen by about 30% since the outbreak of the pandemic, there are signs that the increased demand and rise in prices could lead to a reversal of that trend. Carbon Tracker, a London-based climate change-focused think tank, noted in January 2022 that higher oil prices might encourage energy companies to invest in new exploration and production projects. Indeed, on February 1, 2022 energy giant ExxonMobil announced a 45% increase in its budget for drilling and other activities that year, while a day later members of the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and other leading oil-producing nations – an alliance known as OPEC+ – agreed to stick with their pre-planned target of increasing oil production by 400,000 barrels per day.
At the same time, there are concerns that higher oil prices could incentivise the consumption of coal, which reached an all-time high in 2021 and is on track to reach even higher levels in 2022, according to the International Energy Agency. In addition to its lower price, coal use is being driven by rising energy demand and insufficient levels of investment in renewables.
Boon for Renewables
Although high oil prices have the potential to incentivise new investment in oil and gas, renewables could ultimately benefit from the current situation. Rather than directly challenge renewables and slow the energy transition, the high prices seen in early 2022 – and the associated financial windfall – could lead governments and oil majors to play the long game and boost investment in renewables.
For example, in September 2021 French energy giant Total said it would take advantage of high oil prices to buy back $1.5bn in shares to boost investment in renewable energy, while in early February 2022 BP – upon announcing its highest annual profit registered in eight years, at $12.8bn in 2021 – stated it would increase spending on low-carbon energy to 40% of total expenditure by 2025 and 50% by 2030.
Greener Gulf
An example of an oil-producing region that has recently reaffirmed its commitment to renewables is the Gulf. Indeed, many Middle Eastern countries have identified renewable energy as key to their longterm diversification plans. For example, Saudi Arabia aims to generate 50% of its electricity from renewables by 2030 and has set a net-zero target of 2060. To help achieve these goals, in December 2021 the government announced that it would invest SR380bn ($101.3bn) in renewable energy by 2030, while in April 2021 it inaugurated the Sakaka solar power plant, the country’s first utility-scale renewables project.
Meanwhile, in October 2021 the UAE pledged to invest Dh600bn ($163.4bn) in renewables by 2050, at which point it hopes to achieve net-zero emissions. The announcement came just a few weeks after the inauguration of the first stage of the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park in Dubai. The park is expected to have a capacity of 5 GW by 2030. Abu Dhabi, for its part, is building a 2-GW solar plant in Al Dhafra that is set to begin operations in the second half of 2022 and will be the largest single-site solar plant in the world.
Elsewhere in the region, in late January 2022 Oman inaugurated the 500-MW Ibri 2 solar field, which is the country’s largest utility-scale renewables project, while Qatar, one of the world’s largest exporters of natural gas, has also increased its focus on renewables. In October 2021 Qatar Petroleum, the national energy company, changed its name to Qatar Energy in order to reflect better the company’s renewables-focused strategy. Major projects include the 800-MW Al Kharsaah solar plant, located approximately 80 km west of Doha. Once fully completed, the project will be the country’s largest renewable energy development. It was scheduled to be inaugurated in the first half of 2022.
